APPLICATION OF THE SELF ORGANIZING MAP METHOD FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF THE LAKE SYSTEMS IN THE MOROCCAN MIDDLE ATLAS: LAKES CASES OF IFRAH, IFFER AND AFOURGAGH

Habiba OUSMANA, Abdellah EL HMAIDI, Mohamed BERRADA, Brahim DAMNATI, Issam ETEBAAI

Abstract


Self-Organising Maps (SOM) and other methods of computational intelligence are effective tools to model and solve environmental problems. In this study, we proposed a classification approach based on self-organizing maps to highlight the seasonal classification of physicochemical parameters of the waters of lakes systems in the Moroccan Middle Atlas: Ifrah, Iffer and Afourgagh lakes.

The self-organizing map's results define four clusters of samples. The cluster I and II samples were significantly characterized by high concentrations of bicarbonates (HCO3- (mg / l)), Sodium (Na + (mg / l)), Magnesium (Mg2 + (mg / l)), (TDS (mg / l)) and the suspended solids (MES (mg / l)). In the other side, those of cluster III have high concentrations of calcium (Ca2 + (mg / l)), Potassium (K + (mg / l)), Sulfates (SO42- (mg / l)) and Nitrates (NO3- (mg / l)). Indeed, the samples of cluster IV are characterized by low values of all parameters except the Total Dissolved load and the electrical conductivity (EC (µs / cm) are high compared to other groups. The results show that the classification by self-organizing Kohonen maps (SOM) is an excellent and fundamental tool for understanding and visualizing spatial and temporal distribution of the samples of the three lakes of the Middle Atlas.

Keywords


Classification, self-organizing maps, SOM, pysico-chemical parameters, lake systems, Middle Atlas, clustering.

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