DYNAMIC WATERSHED MODELLING: HEC-HMS ANALYSIS OF A TROPICAL WATERSHED

R.V. KHERDE, D.J. MEHTA, K.C. MORE, P.H. SAWANT

Abstract


The advancement of computational hydraulic simulations has reached an impressive zenith, markedly enhancing our comprehension of anthropogenic influences on fluvial dynamics and the intricacies of sustainable hydrological stewardship. The extensively utilized HEC-HMS model, a creation of the US Army Corps of Engineers, remains deficient in tailored calibration for Indian catchments. This scholarly inquiry sought to evaluate the applicability of HEC-HMS version 4.10 to the designated study area, employing three distinct calibration methodologies: the deficit and constant loss approach, the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method, and the Green and Ampt infiltration model. The principal objective was to ascertain the optimal simulation technique aligning with the unique characteristics of the study catchment. A meticulous investigation within the Wardha River catchment encompassed an 18-year dataset, comprising daily precipitation and temperature records procured from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), captured at a refined spatial granularity of 0.25° × 0.25°. Additionally, daily potential evapotranspiration, computed via the Hargreaves Equation, was integrated. The dataset was further augmented by daily discharge data from the India Water Resources Information System, specifically from the Sirpur gauge station outlet, spanning the years 2001 to 2018, facilitating a profound hydrological analysis. GIS layers were integrated into the calibration process using HEC-HMS 4.10, enhancing the hydrological modeling and analysis. After the calibration phase (2001-2010), the model was evaluated with new data from 2011-2018 using metrics like RMSE, NSE, and R². The empirical results indicated that the most reliable flow simulations were obtained through the integration of the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) loss method with the SCS unit hydrograph approach, outperforming the Clark unit hydrograph and Snyder unit hydrograph methods. However, it is imperative to note that the utilization of the SCS-CN method as the loss mechanism did not yield satisfactory outcomes when combined with the Snyder unit hydrograph method. Conversely, the Deficit and Constant Loss method and the Green and Ampt infiltration model showed similar performance metrics, including NSE, with all three unit hydrograph methods. This uniformity underscores their robustness and reliability in generating consistent hydrological simulations within the specific context of the study.


Keywords


HEC-HMS, Rainfall runoff Modelling, Clark unit Hydrograph, Snyder unit Hydrograph, SCS-CN Unit Hydrograph

Full Text:

PDF

References


ABD RAHMAN A.N., OTHMAN F., WAN JAAFAR W.J., AHMED ELSHAFIE A.H.K. (2023). An assessment of floods' characteristics and patterns in Pahang, Malaysia, Larhyss Journal, No 55, pp. 89-105.

ATALLAH M., DJELLOULI F., HAZZEB A. (2024). Rainfall-Runoff modeling using the HEC-HMS model for the Mekerra Wadi watershed (N-W Algeria), Larhyss Journal, No 57, pp. 187-208.

BAUDHANWALA D., KANTHARIA V., PATEL D., MEHTA D., WAIKHOM, S. (2023). Applicability of SWMM for urban flood forecasting a case study of the western zone of Surat City, Larhyss Journal, No. 54, pp. 71-83.

BELAY Y. Y., GOUDAY Y. A., ALEMNEW H. N. (2022). Comparison of HEC-HMS hydrologic model for estimation of runoff computation techniques as a design input: case of Middle Awash multi-purpose dam, Ethiopia, Applied Water Science, Vol. 12, Issue 4, Paper ID 237.

BEKHIRA A., HABI M., MORSLI B. (2019). The management of flood risk and development of watercourses in urban areas: case of the town of Bechar, Larhyss Journal, No 37, pp. 75-92. (In French)

BENALI KHODJA M., FERDJOUNI N. (2024). Assessment of the meteorological drought in the northern part of Algeria - Case of the Isser wadi watershed, Larhyss Journal, No 58, pp. 39-54.

CHIBANE B., ALI-RAHMANI S.E. (2015). Hydrological based model to estimate groundwater recharge, real- evapotranspiration and runoff in semi-arid area, Larhyss Journal, No 23, pp. 231-242.

CHO Y., ENGEL B. A., MERWADE V. M. (2018). A spatially distributed Clark’s unit hydrograph based hybrid hydrologic model (Distributed-Clark), Hydrological Sciences Journal, Vol. 63, Issue 10, pp. 1519-1539.

FELDMAN (2000). Hydrologic Modeling System HEC-HMS: Technical Reference Manual, US Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center.

FERNANDO H.M.S., GUNAWARDENA M.P., NAJIM M.M.M. (2021). Modelling of stream flows of a forested catchment in the tropics using HEC-HMS, Larhyss Journal, No 48, pp. 73-89.

HAFNAOUI M.A., MADI M., BEN SAID M., BENMALEK A. (2022). Floods in El Bayadh city: causes and factors, Larhyss Journal, No 51, pp. 97-113.

HAFNAOUI M.A., BOULTIF M., DABANLI I. (2023). Floods in Algeria: analyzes and statistics, Larhyss Journal, No 56, pp. 351-369.

HALWATURA D., NAJIM M. M. M. (2013). Application of the HEC-HMS model for runoff simulation in a tropical catchment, Environmental Modelling and Software, Vol. 46, pp. 155-162.

HAMDAN A. N. A., ALMUKTAR S., SCHOLZ M. (2021). Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Using the HEC-HMS Model for the Al-Adhaim River Catchment, Northern Iraq, Hydrology, Vol. 8, Issue 2, Paper ID 58.

HAO Z., SINGH V. P., XIA Y. (2018). Seasonal drought prediction: Advances, challenges, and future prospects, Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 56, Issue 1, pp.108-141.

HERRERA P.A., MARAZUELA M.A., HOFMANN, T. (2022). Parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis in hydrological modelling, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 1-23.

KAMAGATE B., DAO A., NOUFE D., YAO K.L., FADIKA V., GONE D.L., SAVANE I. (2017). Contribution of Gr4j model for modeling Agneby watershed runoff in southeast of Cote d’Ivoire, Larhyss Journal, No 29, pp. 187-208. (In French)

KAPADIA C., PATEL, K., AKBARI J., RATHOD N., MEHTA D., WAIKHOM S. (2023). Flood hazard mapping of lower Damanganga river basin using multi-criteria analysis and geoinformatics approach, Larhyss Journal, No 55, pp. 73-87.

KHERDE R.V., SAWANT P.H. (2018). Parameter Optimization, Uncertainty Estimation and Sensitivity Analysis in Hydrological Modeling, European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, Vol. 3, Issue 11, pp. 66–72.

KOUA T., ANOH K., EBLIN S., KOUASSI K., KOUAMEK., JOURDA J. (2019). Rainfall and runoff study in climate change context in the Buyo lake watershed (southwest Côte d'Ivoire), Larhyss Journal, No 39, pp. 229-258. (In French)

KOUAMÉ K.A., KOUDOU A., SOROKOBY V.M., KOUAMÉK. F., KOUASSI A.M. (2017). Relationship between surface and underground water flow in the upper Bandama watershed in Ivory Coast, Larhyss Journal, No 29, pp. 137-152. (In French)

KUPZIG J., REINECKE R., PIANOSI F., FLÖRKE M., WAGENER T. (2023). Towards parameter estimation in global hydrological models, Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 7, pp. 1-10.

LIAN H., YEN H., HUANG J.C., FENG Q., QIN L., BASHIR M. A., WU S., ZHU A.X., LUO J., DI H., LEI Q., LIU H. (2020). CN-China: Revised runoff curve number by using rainfall-runoff events data in China, Water Research, Vol. 177, Paper ID 115767.

LIN Q., LIN B., ZHANG D., WU J. (2022). Web-based prototype system for flood simulation and forecasting based on the HEC-HMS model, Environmental Modelling and Software, Vol. 158, Paper ID 105541.

LIU D., GUO S., SHAO Q., LIU P., XIONG L., WANG L., HONG X., XU Y., WANG Z. (2018). Assessing the effects of adaptation measures on optimal water resources allocation under varied water availability conditions, Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 556, pp. 759-774.

MEHTA D., DHABUWALA J., YADAV S. M., KUMAR V., AZAMATHULLA H. M. (2023). Improving flood forecasting in Narmada river basin using hierarchical clustering and hydrological modelling, Results in Engineering, Vol. 20, Issue 10, Paper ID 1571.

MEIN R. G., LARSON C. L. (1973). Modeling infiltration during a steady rain, Water Resources Research, Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp. 384–394.

NAKOU T.R., SENOU L., ELEGBEDE B., CODO F.P. (2023). Climate variability and its impact on water resources in the lower mono river valley in Benin from 1960 to 2018, Larhyss Journal, No 56, pp. 215-234.

RAFIEI E.A., KAPPAS M., FASSNACHT S. (2018). Uncertainty analysis of hydrological modeling in a tropical area using different algorithms, Frontiers in Earth Science, Vol. 12, pp. 661–67.1

RAD S., JUNFENG D., JINGXUAN X., ZITAO L., LINYAN P., WAN Z. (2022). Lijiang flood characteristics and implication of karst storage through Muskingum flood routing via HEC-HMS, S. China, Hydrology Research, Vol. 53, Issue 12, pp. 1480–1493.

REMINI B. (2023). Flash floods in Algeria, Larhyss Journal, No 56, pp. 267-307.

ROUISSAT B., SMAIL N. (2022). Contribution of water resource systems analysis for the dynamics of territorial rebalancing, case of Tafna system, Algeria, Larhyss Journal, No 50, pp. 69-94.

ROY A., THOMAS R. (2016). A Comparative Study on the Derivation of Unit Hydrograph for Bharathapuzha River Basin, Procedia Technology, Vol. 24, pp. 62-69.

SARDOII E. R., RADMANESH F., SHAMSIPOUR A., ZAREI A. (2012). Calibration of loss estimation methods in HEC-HMS for simulation of surface runoff (Case Study: Amirkabir Dam Watershed, Iran), Advances in Environmental Biology, Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp. 343-348.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS (2008). Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) Applications Guide: Version 3.1.0, Institute for Water Resources, Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, CA, USA.

VERMA S., VERMA M. K., PRASAD, A. D., MEHTA D., AZAMATHULLA H. M., MUTTIL N., RATHNAYAKE U. (2023). Simulating the hydrological processes under multiple land use/land cover and climate change scenarios in the mahanadi reservoir complex, Chhattisgarh, India, Water, Vol. 15, Issue 17, Paper ID 3068.

VERMA S., VERMA M. K., PRASAD A. D., MEHTA D. J., ISLAM M. N. (2024). Modelling of uncertainty in the estimation of hydrograph components in conjunction with the SUFI-2 optimization algorithm by using multiple objective functions, Modelling Earth Systems and Environment, Vol. 10, Issue 1, pp. 61-79.

YUAN W., LIU M., WAN F. (2019). Calculation of Critical Rainfall for Small-Watershed Flash Floods Based on the HEC-HMS Hydrological Model, Water Resources Management, Vol. 33, pp. 2555–2575.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.