APPLICATION OF SPI AND SPEI INDICES FOR THE ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF THE DROUGHT PHENOMENON IN THE AIN OUSSERA PLAIN, ALGERIA

M. KOUSSA

Abstract


Drought appears to be one of the main natural factors contributing to the degradation of agricultural landscapes and economic frameworks. The occurrence of drought episodes becomes noticeable following a prolonged absence of precipitation; however, it is difficult to determine their onset, extent, and resolution. Therefore, the precise assessment of drought characteristics based on drought intensity, extent, duration, and geographic coverage presents significant complexities. In this scientific article, an effort is made to evaluate the meteorological situation of drought in the Ain Oussera Plain, which is located in Algeria, using two widely recognized drought indices, namely the precipitation index (SPI) and the precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI).

The calculation of potential evapotranspiration (PET) required for SPEI evaluation was performed using the Thornthwaite methodology. Water deficiency was detected during the specified period, characterized by a decrease in precipitation levels associated with an increase in potential evapotranspiration rates.

The calculation of the SPI and SPEI over durations of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months was carried out to examine the temporal fluctuations of different drought levels.

The results of the analysis revealed that the years 1983, 1989, 1991, 1995, 2003, 2017, and 2021 were drought periods according to both indices on almost all temporal scales with a notable predominance of normal and moderate drought classifications.

The study mainly reveals that the SPI and SPEI show a significant correlation at the same time scales used in this research. These findings highlight the consistency in detecting periods of severe drought using the SPI and SPEI indices.


Keywords


Drought, SPI, SPEI, Semiarid climate, Ain Oussera, Algeria

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