L’INTERET DES METHODES D’ANALYSES STATISTIQUES DANS LA GESTION DU SUIVI DE LA QUALITE PHYSICO-CHIMIQUE DE L’EAU DE LA RIVE DROITE DU FLEUVE SENEGAL

Abstract

In order to better understand and manage the quality of surface water, is often undertaking long and tedious analysis campaigns. These usually generate enough data whose interpretation is not always easy. Application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for such a task could be beneficial . It is in the context of such an application as 26 physico-chemical parameters: The potential hydrogen (pH) , electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), temperature (T°), turbidity (Turb) Total Hardness (TH), bicarbonate (HCO₃^-), sulfate (SO₄^2-), nitrate (NO₃^-), nitrite (NO₂^-), chloride (Cl^-), orthophosphate (PO₄^3-), sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), oxidizability permanganate (MO) , aluminum (Al) , ammonium (NH₄⁺), silica (SiO₂), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu),  manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and fluorine (F^-), derived from the analysis of water samples collected during  the months of June, July, August and September 2012, of eight (8) locations at the right bank of the Senegal River.

This study shows that it is possible, with a view to creating a management tool to simplify the model initially constructed from 26 variables to bring it to the extent of one variable whose turbidity relatively simple and less expensive. This reduction is even more interesting that the variable is to consider measurement is simple. In view of the creation of management tools, this tool looks like a good alternative. In the area of quality control the turbidimetry prove essential analytical tools in the treatment of water like the pH-metry, the conductimetry and the colorimetry.